Bundle Adjustment of Images from Non-metric Ccd Camera Using Lidar Data as Control Points

The use of non-metric, low cost digital cameras is becoming a very atractive option as a source of spatial information about terrestrial surfaces. This is being motivated by the increased resolution of CCD sensors, as well as the results of recent studies indicating the stability of the internal parameters of such cameras. On the other hand, Digital Elevation Model obtained by laser scanning is an excellent source of reliable three-dimensional coordinates for several applications in photogrammetry and other fields. Although the Laser Scanner provides high reliable geometric information, it can not be compared to information contained in a digital image, because the spectral information of the laser system is very poor. Therefore, the integration of both data sources is an atractive option for mapping. The exterior orientation parameters crucial information to guarantee the quality of the resulting map from photogrammetric processing. These parameters could be computed in real time using an onboard GPS/INS unit or post processed using a LIDAR system together with a digital camera with bundle adjustment method. In this paper, is presented a methodology to perform the bundle block adjustment using non-conventional aerial images and Laser Scanner data. The images were taken with a Sony DSC-F717 digital camera, with a resolution of 5.2 Mb, CCD dimension of 2520 x 1960 pixels, covering about 2 km2 of the Campus of the Federal University of Parana Brazil. The elevation above ground of the aerial survey was about 750 meters and the pixel ground sample distance is about twenty five centimeters. The elevation above ground of the LIDAR survey was about 1000 meters. The LIDAR system used was an OPTECH ALTM 2050, which belongs to the Institute of Technology for Development LACTEC/UFPR. This system is characterized by a planimetric accuracy of fiftty centimeters and altimetric accuracy of fifteen centimeters. Some check points were surveyed with conventional GPS techniques allowing for the comparison and evaluation of the precision/accuracy of the final results.